2 thoughts on “Who is the father of Emperor Han Jing Liu Qi?”
Jeanette
Emperor Hanwen Liu Heng. Emperor records: The Western Han Dynasty
(about 202 BC-8 AD, a total of 210)
This period.
The Western Han Dynasty, also known as the former Han. From 202 BC, Liu Bang called the Emperor to the 8th year of Wang Mang. Because the country capital Changan was west of Luoyang in the East Han Dynasty, it was called the Western Han Dynasty.
The Western Han Dynasty was the strong dynasty of the preliminary development period of the feudal society in my country. It inherited and consolidated the unified country that began in the Qin Dynasty, economic prosperity, and strong national strength. It was a great power in the world at that time, the first golden age of China.
The Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, 9 emperors of the disease; 1 emperor who was poisoned; 1 emperor killed by the army after the death of the country; Unknown 1 emperor. Most of the Emperor Western Han Dynasty made a difference, and forging ahead, it created China's first strong period.
************************************************************************ n Han Gaozu (Liu Bang)
Han Gaozu, named Liu Bang, the word season (256 BC -195 BC), the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. For the 4th year of the Han King, in the 8th year of the emperor, he was injured in the chest in the rebellion of the Yingbu rebellion. Buried in Changling (now 35 miles in East, Xianyang City, Lingling West Province)
Liu Bang, Pei County (now Pei County, Jiangsu) in Surabaya County, came from a farmhouse. It is open -minded and generous, with great ambitions. At the beginning, it was the head of the Surabaya Pavilion of the Qin Dynasty (the official who managed ten miles). On one occasion, he was ordered to escort a group of people in Laoshan to serve, and the people fled a lot on the way. Seeing that he couldn't make a mess, he simply let go of the people. He and a dozen people who volunteered to follow him fled into Mangyu Mountain, gathered more than a hundred people, and secretly contacted the document Xiao He and the prison officer Cao Yin in Pei County.
The first year of Qin II (209 BC) Chen Sheng and Wu Guang after the uprising in Daze Township, Liu Bang aggregated hundreds of people such as Xiao He, Cao Shen, Fan Ye, to kill the county officials and responded to the army. Turning to Feng and Pei. After Chen Sheng's death. At one time, the belonging beam. After the death of Xiang Liang, Liu Bang and Xiang Liang's nephew Xiang Yu were serving as the leader, and continued to insist on fighting against Qin. Become the main force of the anti -Qin.
Qin II's three -year autumn (207 BC), Liu Bang was advanced by the Ministry of Chu Huai's dispatch rate. He forced to surrender Wancheng, captured Wuguan, and led the army to enter Xianyang. Liu Bang envied the luxury of the Afang Palace. After entering the city, he wanted to stay in the palace. Liu Bang abolished the law of the Qin and the law of the old law of Guanzhong: "The killing of the killer; the injured person's law;
Shortly, after Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun's main force, he also entered Xianyang. Stain in Hongmen (now east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). Xiang Yu obeyed the suggestion of Fan Zeng, and decided to kill Liu Bang's opponent. But his uncle Xiang Bo told his old friend Zhang Liang. After discussing Zhang Liang and Liu Bang, he thought that he was not Xiang Yu's opponent now. He only went to Xiang Yu to pay for it and fight for him to change his mind.
The next day, Liu Bang took Zhang Liang, Fan Ye and more than a hundred followers to invite sin to Hongmen. Xiang Yu set up a banquet to entertain. During the banquet, Liu Bang whispered to Xiang Yu with a low voice, indicating that he had no ambition to compete with him. After listening, Xiang Yu suddenly changed the idea of killing Liu Bang. Fan Zeng repeatedly made him look at him and motioned him to do it. He pretended not to see it. Fan Zeng was anxious and sent Xiangzhuang to enter the seat. He wanted to assassinate Liu Bang in the name of dancing swords. Xiang Bo saw Xiangzhuang slowly danced near Liu Bang. He got up and danced to protect Liu Bang. Zhang Liang made a notice from Fan Ye to rush into the account to protect Liu Bang. Liu Bang went to the toilet borrowed from the toilet, leaving Fan Yan away from Xiang Yu camp, and returned to the army from the small road. Zhang Liang treated Liu Bang to go away, and sent a gift to Xiang Yu and said that Liu Bang was drunk and went back first. Fan Zeng sighed again and again, but helpless. In this way, the relationship between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang temporarily eased.
The December of the same year, Xiang Yu violated the agreement of King Chu Huai's "first entry into the fixed customs" and sealed Liu Bang as the Han king, all south of the south, possessing the place of Bashu and Hanzhong; Xiang Yu claimed to be "Xichu "Overlord", Du Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Only one month after Xiang Yu was seized, the princes began to fire. Liu Bang took the opportunity to settle Sanqin, and once again occupied the customs, and Xiang Yu launched a battle for Chu and Han for four years.
The Liu Bang himself is neither general nor Gaoming's strategy, but he is good at employing, especially knows how to play the strengths of his subordinates, and "good conspiracy to listen". Certain the people's affection and care about the suffering of the people, and thus obtained the support of the people. Under the planning of Zhang Liang and Xiao He and Xiao He, under the conquest of Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and other generals, they finally changed from weak to strong and defeated in 2002 BC. Xiang Yu and forced Xiang Yu to heavily in Wujiang. In February, Liu Bang was the emperor in Lishui (now the territory of Liyang County, Henan Province).
During the reign of Liu Bang, he successively eliminated Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and other different surnamed princes, and established many Wangs of the same surname, consolidating the centralized rule of the central government. : Call for those who escape to Yamazawa to return to my hometown, and return to the hometown to restore the title of Jue and Tianzhai; to liberate the selling as slaves during the war; it also allows soldiers to recover and engage in production. In addition, the migrations of various places are migrated to enrich the capital. The "Qin Law" is also amended to formulate the nine chapters of "Han Law"; The above measures play a role in stabilizing people's livelihood and promoting economic development.
Puk of the Qin Dynasty, the Huns of Mobei took the opportunity to go south and re -occupy Henan (now Henghe area in Inner Mongolia). At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Huns continued to invade the border county of Han south. In 2001, Han Wangxin surrendered the Huns. The following year, Liu Bang personally led the army to the conquest, and was besieged the 300,000 troops of the Huns for seven days and nights in Bai Deng (now Northeast Shanxi Datong). Later, Chen Ping was planning to take a bribe, and he was out of danger. Since then, in view of the not restoration of the national strength, Liu Bang had to adopt a policies to the Huns to ease the relationship between the two sides.
In 196 BC, Liu Bang was injured in his chest in the battle of the Bingbu rebellion. In March of the following year, trauma recurrence was critical. He called Hou Hou, the ministers entered the palace, and ordered to kill the white horse left and right, and asked the ministers to take blood as the alliance. From now on, all the surnames Liu cannot be sealed. You can conquer him together. He also ordered Chen Ping to immediately rush back from Yan Di to help the infant station to prevent the babies in case the vassal states from taking the opportunity to chaos. Then he called Lu Hou and instructed the future. Lu Hou asked him: "After Xiao Xiangguo, who can take over him" Liu Bang answered Cao Shen. Lu Hou asked Cao Shen. Liu Bang replied: Wang Ling, and Chen Ping assisted him. Chen Pingzhi has a lot of conspiracy, but he can't stand alone. Zhou Bo is simple and young culture. However, in the future, the Liu family in the Liu family must be allowed to let him be a lieutenant. Lu Hou asked the future again, and Liu Bang shook his head and said that the aftermath was probably not what you knew. In April of the same year (195 BC), Liu Bang died in Changan Changle Palace. After the death, the temple name was Taizu, and he was called Emperor Gao, and he was used to call him Han Gaozu in history.
************************************************ n The Emperor Han Hui (Liu Ying)
The Emperor Han Hui, named Liu Ying (2111 BC -188 BC), the eldest son of Gao Zu. After Gao Zu's death, he succeeded in his reign, 7 years, and died of illness, 24 years old. Buried in Anling (now 30 miles east of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
Liu Ying, Gao Zu, Gao Zu, Gao Zu When he was in office, he was established as a prince. He was weak. Liu Bang wanted to abolish him and renamed Mrs. Liu Ruyi as the prince. He stopped by the opposition from Zhang Liang and other ministers. At the age of 17 years, he was only 17 years old.
Pe Liu Ying's succession, the mother of the mother, the mother, took power. Queen Mother Lu recalled Liu Ruyi and made a motion to hurt him. After Liu Ying knew her mother's intentions, she personally received Liu Ruyi from the palace, eating and sleeping together, and guarding all the way. One day, he went out to practice archery, and saw Liu Ruyi still asleep, and did not wake him up. When he returned to the palace, Liu Ruyi had been poisoned on the bed.
Shortly, Queen Mother Lu cut off Mrs. Qi from her hands and feet, dug out her eyes, dumb her throat, threw it into the pigpen, and let her suffer to death. Queen Mother Lu asked Liu Ying to go to see it. Liu Ying saw his father's former loving concubine fell into such a tragic ending, scared and sad, and cried loudly, and had a serious illness. He sent someone to his mother, "This The kind of thing is not human. I am your son, but I have not governed the world. "Since then, I don't ask politics.
In August 188 BC, Liu Ying died in the Weiyang Palace of Chang'an. After the death, the nickname was Emperor Huidi.
************************************************ The Emperor Hanwen (Liu Heng)
Wen Emperor, named Liu Heng (202 BC -157 BC). The third son of Gao Zu, Emperor Hui died, Lu Houli was an unclean emperor. Lu Hou died, Zhou Bo and others killed Lu for the birth, and welcomed Liu Heng as the emperor. 23 years, died of illness, 46 years old. Buried in Ba Ling (now 35 miles in East, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
Liu Heng, mother For Bo Ji. After Gao Zu broke through Chen Xi and was settled on his behalf, he was named the king of generations. After Emperor Hui's death, Lu Houli was an unclean Emperor. In 180 BC, Lu Hou died. Lu Laogu and Lu Lu took control of military power, controlled the palace, and tried to launch a coup and seized the throne. Chen Ping and Zhou Bo designed, so that Lu for the military power of the Northern Army to Zhou Bo. Zhou Bo's seal summoned the Northern Army general: "Today Lu's attempts to seize the position, who would help the Lu family's right arm and willing to help the Liu family's left arm;" the soldiers were at the heart of the Liu family, and they exposed their left arm. Zhou Bo then transferred the Beibei Army into the Weiyang Palace, killing Lu Ling and others, and prevented the victory of seizing. Afterwards, the prime ministers Chen Ping, Tae -Wei Zhou Bo, and Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang and other clan ministers were not orthodox by the emperor.
The Western Han Dynasty was established. After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, on the basis of this, he further adopted measures to rest and rest with the people, thus creating the "governance of Wenjing" in history.
The Emperor Hanwen attaches great importance to agricultural production. After he ascended the throne, he repeatedly persuaded the farm and mulberry, and set up three old, filial piety, and Litian according to the account ratio. Production. At the same time, pay attention to reducing the burden on the people. In the second year of Emperor Wen (178 years ago) and twelve years, he had twice "half of the rental tax", that is, the rent rate was reduced to thirty taxes. Essence Since then, thirty taxes have become customized in the Han Dynasty. At the time of the Emperor Wen, the county also reduced from 120 yuan per year to forty dollars per person per year, and the service was reduced to service every three years. Emperor Wen also saved. On one occasion, he was ready to build a terrace. For the calculation, it took a hundred pounds of gold, which was equivalent to the household property of the middle and ten households. In addition, Emperor Wen also "banned the forbidden of Shanze", that is, the opening of all mountains and forests, which originally returned to the country, and promoted the development of the sideline production of farmers and the development of salt and iron production with a significant relationship with the national economy and people's livelihood. Emperor Wen also abolished the system of passing through customs in the twelve years, which is conducive to economic connection between commodity circulation and regions. It also has a certain role in promoting the development of agricultural production.
The Emperor Hanwen also made major reforms on the criminal law since the Qin Dynasty. ① Most of the sinner in the Qin Dynasty was sentenced to Li Chen and the heavier sinner than Li Chen. The Emperor Wen ordered the law to re -formulate the law and stipulate the period of order in accordance with the weight of the crime. ② The laws of the Qin Dynasty stipulated that the parents, brothers, sisters, wives, and children of the sinner must sit and execute them again. Emperor Wen Ming was abolished. ③ Qin Dynasty had four kinds of meat punishment: 劓, 代, 刖, and palace. Emperor Hanwen abolished the 劓, 劓, 刖, and replaced him. These reforms are of great significance, but the latter two were not implemented seriously at the time and later. Many officials were interrupted by the Emperor Wen, and they were lighter, holding government affairs with generosity, and demanding. Therefore, the prison officers were simple and compressed by the people.
The Emperor Wen did not easily move his soldiers for the surrounding ethnic minorities, and tried his best to maintain the relationship between Xiang'an. At the time of Lu Hou, Zhao Yan, the king of South Vietnam, established himself as the emperor. After the throne of Emperor Wen, he repaired the ancestral tomb for Zhao Yue, respected Zhao's brother, and sent Lu Jia to the Nanyue again, and gave the book Zhao Yan. In 162 BC, Emperor Wen and the Xiongnu had a contract with his relatives. Although the Huns had repeatedly committed the border, Emperor Wen only ordered the county to be strictly guarded and did not attack the soldiers to avoid disturbing the people.
The reason why "the rule of Wenjing" has become the prosperous age of feudal society, which is inseparable from Liu Heng's personal inspiration. Shortly after he was in the throne, he abolished the crime of slander the demon, and the ministers could boldly put forward different opinions. Since the Qin Dynasty, there were so -called "secret wishes" officials, and all the disasters were changed to the ministers. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Wen, the emperor was responsible for the mistakes and sins of the hundred officials. The following year, he forbid the ancestral officer to bless him. Emperor Wen was also very frugal. He was reigned for twenty -three years. He has repeatedly banned the county to contribute to the heterogeneity. His loved Mrs. Shen did not put it on the ground, and the curtain did not apply Wenxiu. Emperor Wen wanted to build a terrace. He heard that it would cost a hundred dollars, which was equal to the production of ten Chinese people, so he stopped. Because Emperor Wen advocated frugality, the national fiscal expenditure at that time was restrained and reduced, and the noble bureaucrats did not dare to invigorate things, and extravagant, thereby reducing the burden of the people. This was one of the important contents of the policy of "recuperating". Emperor Wen adopted the results of the above -mentioned series of measures, so that the socio -economic development at that time, and the order of feudal rule was consolidated. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were only 10,000 or six hundred households in Dahou. The flowers also returned to the garden, and the hukou residence was rapid. Liehou Fengguo has reached 30,000 to 40,000 households. The development of agriculture has greatly reduced food prices. In the early years of Emperor Wen, more than ten dollars per stone to a few dollars. According to the "Hanshu · Food and Goods", during the seventy years from the early Han Dynasty to Emperor Wu, due to the stability of domestic politics, as long as the disasters of water and drought were not encountered, the people were always given to the family, and the county's warehouse was full of food. Due to Chen Chenxiang's food, the food in Okura was rotten and could not be eaten. The government's granary had more wealth, the money of the Beijing Division had millions of money, and the ropes of the series of money were decayed. This is a description of Wen Jingzhi's governance.
, the "rest" policy of Emperor Wen is the policy of the landlord class. The purpose is to stabilize and strengthen the control of farmers to further consolidate feudal rule. Some measures that seem to be beneficial to farmers are actually more beneficial to landlords and businessmen. For example, Emperor Wen reduced the exemption of Tianfu, the landlord's profit was the greatest, and the worship of the water also helped the businessman's political status. Therefore, on the other side of the stability and prosperity of the "governance of Wenjing", the increasing development of land mergers. At the same time, in order to obtain political stability, Emperor Wen had a restriction on the power of the princes of the same surname, but basically adopted a palliative policy. In the three years of Emperor Jing (154 years ago), Wu Chu's Seven Kingdoms conspired to rebel and should say that it has a certain relationship with this.
In AD 157) In June, Liu Heng was seriously ill. At the time of dying, he called Prince Liu Qijin's bedroom and said, "Zhou Yafu's son Zhou Yafu can be dependent at the critical moment. Let him command the army. "
The Liu Heng died in Changan Weiyang Palace and was buried in Baling at the age of 46. The temple number after the death was Taizong, and the nickname was Emperor Wen. At the end of the dying of the Emperor Wen, the widow announced: "The theory of the dead of the dead", do not have to be sorrowful, not allowed to be "thick burial", not allowed to use cars and horses and display weapons to shorten the funeral period; during the funeral period, the people must not be prohibited from getting married, sacrifice, drinking and eating meat. (The achievements of Emperor Hanwen not only received praise from the landlord class and historians, but also respected the "thief". In the late Western Han Dynasty, the Chimei Army captured Chang'an. The Emperor's Mausoleum was destroyed. )
*********************************************** n The Emperor Han Jing (Liu Qi)
Jingdi, named Liu Qi (188 BC -141 BC), the third son of Emperor Wen. Emperor Wen succeeded after his death. In the past 16 years, he died of illness and was 48 years old. He was buried in Yangling (now 30 miles southwest of Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province).
When he was in office, he was stood as the prince. Emperor Wen succeeded in the throne after the illness died in June 157 BC.
Pei Liu Qi was in place, the prince king's forces swelled and threatened the central regime. Implement the "cutting fan" strategy to weaken the power of the princes and consolidate the central power of the central government. In 154 BC, the seven vassal states such as Wu and Chu launched a rebellion under the name of "wrong and Qingjun side". Jingdi listened to the letter, cut off the wrong mistakes, and fantasized to exchange for the retirement of the seven kingdoms; Liu Qi was determined to rebel, appointed Zhou Yafu as the lieutenant, led his soldiers to face the chaos of the seven nations in one fell swoop. After the rebellion calmed down, Liu Qi received the power of the princes Wang as the official. Since then, the Western Han Dynasty unified central government feudal centralized rule has been greatly strengthened.
During the reign of Liu Qi, he continued to adopt the policy of the Emperor's period to implement the reduction of taxes and service, and resting with the people. "The people have no inside and outside, and they should shoulders the acres of the field, and the world is rich." It further promoted the stability and development of socio -economic and economic. Domestic Yinfu, full of galaxy. It is said that in the later period of his rule, the money in the state treasury piled up the mountains, and the ropes of money were rotten; Therefore, with the Emperor Wen, he was hailed as "the rule of Wen Jing" by the historian.
but Liu Qi's shortcomings are also very significant. Another example is Zhou Yafu, because he was opposed to Emperor Jing's prince, he was forced to commit suicide in prison by Emperor Jing's opportunity to seek rebellion.
The first month of the first 141 BC, Liu Qi got the disease, and the disease was getting heavier. The ministers gave two pounds of gold, and the officials and the people gave each household a hundred money; the palace girl went home and did not accept it for life. Soon Liu Qizhi died in the Weiyang Palace of Chang'an.
Liu Qi's death was Jingdi.
************************************************************************************************************************************************ r n Hanwu Emperor (Liu Che)
The Emperor Hanwu Liu Che (156 BC-87 BC), the third son of Emperor Jing. Emperor Jing succeeded after his death. 54 years of reign, died of illness during the inspection, at the age of 71. Buried in Maoling (now 17 miles northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province).
Liu Che, 4 years old, 4 years old, 4 years old He was named King Jiaodong, and was established as a prince at the age of 7. Emperor Jing succeeded after the death of the first month in 141 BC. In the second year, the first year was Jianyuan. Since then, Chinese history has officially used the year number.
During the reign of Liu Che, he took a series of measures to strengthen centralization. Politically, the policy of continuing Emperor Jingdi has been awarded the order order, the left official law, and the benefit of the law, and the "golden gold sends the title", which basically ended the strong and difficult situation of the princes since the early Han Dynasty; a series of strikes of local strikes were implemented. Haoqiang measures; establish a system of thorny history to strengthen the supervision and control of localities; weaken the power of the prime minister, serve as cool officials and severe criminal law, establish a system of inspection, establish Taixue, and strengthen the centralized governance forces.
Economically, Liu Che's claims to adopt holes and Dong Guo Xianyang to collect iron smelting, salt, and casting money to official business; Jia; governing the Yellow River, excavation of irrigation canal, and vigorously build water conservancy; immigrate to the northwest Tuntian, promote the "Dai Tian Law", and promote the development of agricultural production.
The ideas, adopting the suggestions of Confucianism Dong Zhongshu, prohibiting the spread of the doctrine other than Confucianism, implementing "a hundred schools, respected Confucianism", and using Confucianism as the main ideological tools for consolidating regimes. The dominance of Confucianism, which played a certain positive role in strengthening the political needs of centralization at that time, but also had a negative impact on the development of Chinese academic thought later.
The military in military, Liu Che sent general Wei Qing and Huo Qubing's disease to launch a war that hit the Huns many times in a row, lifting the threat of the Xiongnu suffered by the northern agricultural area; The land is the nine counties such as the South China Sea and Cangwu. The connection between the Han and the ethnic minorities was strengthened.
The diplomacy, Liu Che sent Zhang Jian to the Western Regions twice, and contacted Da Yue's, Wusun, and Anxi, and developed economic and cultural exchanges with the Western Regions; opened up from Chang'an to Europe. The Roman Empire's "Silk Road". It also sent to Yelang, 笮, 笮 and other places to strengthen control and development of the Southwest.
The Emperor Hanwu pays great attention to the selection of talents, or or order the counties to recommend the talents of the court every year to the court, and the court can only be hired by the court. Therefore, Emperor Wudi emerged a large number of talents, such as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, who repeatedly defeated the Xiongnu, Zhang Jian, a diplomat in the Western West, Dong Zhongshu, a scriptureist Dong Zhongshu, a historian Sima Qian, and the writer Sima Xiangru. History is called "the winner of the Han Dynasty, Yu Ze is prosperous."
The series of measures Liu Che developed the Western Han Empire to its heyday.
, but in the later period of his rule, Liu Che held a seal of Zen, worshiping the gods for immortals, and splurge, and almost exhausted the savings in the governance of Wenjing. In order to increase income, he reused the cool officials, increased taxes and donations, and even sold the official jue. The people's burden was aggravated. In addition, the frequent disasters caused a large number of farmers to go bankrupt and exile, and farmers' uprising in various places continued to occur. Emperor Hanwu sent officials to suppress it and also made the "Sinking Law", stipulating that officials of large and small officials could not discover and suppress the uprising in time, and sin to die. But peasant uprising is still continuous. Facing the social crisis, in 90 BC, Liu Che had a crime under the wheel, expressed his repentance on his mistakes, determined to stop using soldiers, promoted improved agricultural tools and technologies, and personally stated that he would pay attention to production and people's lives in the future. Essence In this way, the country gradually settled.
In February of the second year (87 BC), Liu Che went out to cruise and arrived at Fufeng (now Xingping County, Shaanxi Province). Ordered Liling to be the prince, Ren Huo Guang (Huo Que's mother -in -law) was a big Sima, a general, Jin Richan was the general of the car, and Shangguan was the left general. Sheep assist the prince together. When the five ministers were ordered to rush into the bedroom and kneeled in front of the bed and expressed their legacy, Liu Che could no longer speak and had to nod slightly to answer.
Shortly, Liu Che died of illness during the inspection.
Zhao Emperor, named Liu Fuling (95 BC-74 BC), Emperor Wu, Wu Emperor's death after his death. In 13 years, he died of illness and was 22 years old. Buried in Pingling (now 13 miles northwest of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------rnrn 刘弗陵， Emperor Wu was established as a prince when he died. Prior to this, Emperor Wanda gave Liu Fuling's biological mother Zhao Gouyi to death in order to prevent his mother and mother strong after his death. After Emperor Wu died, Huo Guang and others succeeded Liu Fuling in the same month.
This at the age of eight years old at the time of Liu Fuling, in accordance with Emperor Wu's widow. Because of Huo Guang's power, he complained with many ministers. General Zuo Shangguan, Sang Hongyang, and Huo Guang were discording, and managed to frame Huo Guang many times. In 81 BC, Huo Guang reviewed Yu Linjun near Chang'an and transferred a school captain to his house. The messenger, sent Fuling, said that Huo Guang had a rebellion. The next day, Huo Guang entered the palace to see Liu Fuling. When he learned of the news, he was frightened. Liu Fuling said: "You review Yu Linjun, calling the captain is the most recent thing. Changan is so far from the north. How can Yan Wang know so quickly? Fast, let ’s talk about it, you really have to rebel, you do n’t have to rely on calling a school captain. Therefore, it proves that this letter is fake. Some people want to frame your general. You do n’t have to be afraid, please get up." Huo Guang and the Minister listen to it. I have all admired Liu Fuling's young and wise.
Shortly, Shangguanyu also fought with the doctor of the Royal Shi Shi Hongyang, Princess Eyi, and others, colluding with King Liu Ri murder Huo Guang, abolished Liu Fuling. Later, Liu Fuling immediately ordered Tian Qianqiu to send troops to kill Sang Hongyang and Shangguan Jie, forcing Liu Dan to commit suicide and avoid a coup. At this time, Liu Fuling was only fourteen years old and was able to successfully deal with the matter. Later generations commented: "The fourteenth year of Emperor Han Zhao, who can inspect Huo Guang's loyalty, know the scams of King Yan's book, Xun Sang Hongyang and Shangguan. Gao Zu, Wen, and Jing are not as good as." n Aimiced at Emperor Wudi in the end of the year due to foreign war, sealing meditation, etc., the national strength was seriously lost. The farmers had a heavy burden and a large number of bankruptcy, which caused domestic contradictions to intensify. With the assistance of Huo Guang et al., Liu Fuling has repeatedly ordered to reduce the burden on the people.
The on the other hand, changing the policy of the Huns' long -term combat in Wudi, on the one hand, strengthening the northern defense, defeating the Xiongnu, Wuyi, etc. on the other hand, on the other hand, to re -improve the Huns to improve the two sides to improve the two sides Relationship. As a result, the large -scale wars of the Emperor Emperor's period stopped and helped the domestic economic recovery and development.
The economic aspect, due to the implementation of the salt and iron monopoly, the world's discussion was caused, and the "Salt and Iron Conference" was held in 81 BC to discuss various policies in Wudi. The situation of this policy discussed was stored in the book "Salt and Iron Theory" edited by Kuan Kuan. After controversy, the monopoly of the wine was canceled, and the salt and iron monopoly was retained.
The emperor Zhao, because of the proper measures of internal and external measures. The contradictions left in the later period of Emperor Wu were basically controlled, and the decline of the Western Han Dynasty was reversed. History is called "the people are fulfilling, Siyi Bin service."
The first year of the first year of Yuanping (AD 74). The nickname after death was Emperor Zhao.
King of Changyi, named Liu He, unknown birth and death, Wu Emperor Sun, Emperor Zhao nephew. Because Emperor Zhao had no son after his death, he succeeded. On the 27th, he was abandoned by the auxiliary minister Huo Guang because of his indifferent drama.
In the year, he attacked his father as King Changyi. Emperor Zhao had no children after dying in April 74 BC, and the ministers such as Huo Guang welcomed his succession in June of the same year.
Liu He is a sister -in -law, who is not learning. After bringing more than 200 people into Beijing, he drank and enjoyed the people every day. He was indifferent. Within 27 days, he did 1,127 ridiculous things and made the palace irritating.
Huo Guang saw him overwhelmed. After discussing with the ministers, he invited the queen to the queen, abandoned him in the same month, and sent him back to Fengdi Changyi himself, cut off the king, changed the seal to the seal He is Shanyang County and gives him 2,000 households. rnrn 刘贺史称昌邑王rnrn*************************** ******
Han Xuan Emperor (Liu Xun)
Xuan Emperor, name Liu Xun (91 BC-49 BC), the great-grandson of Emperor Liu Che, Prince Edward (Liu according to Liu) Sun. King Changyi was abolished. In the reign 25 years, he died of illness and was 42 years old. Buried in Duling (now 15 miles southeast of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).
Liu Xun, real name Sickness, the word Qi Qing. Prince Yan (Liu Li) Sun, Emperor Shi Liu Jinzi. In months of birth, it is the incident of the witch. According to Jiang Chong, Liu was framed and suspected of Emperor Emperor of his father. His mother -in -law (Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu, Wei Qing's sister) also hung suicide above, and the plants were full of the door, and the survivors were also cut into the people. Liu Xun lived in the folk because of his grandmother's adoption. After the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), after the king of Changyi was abolished, Huo Guang and other ministers welcomed him from the folk to the palace, first named Yangwuhou, and succeeded in July of the same year. At the age of 18, Essence The second year was changed to "original".
I due to the encounters of Liu Xun's childhood, and lived in the people for a long time, so he knew the suffering of the people and the governance of the people, which had a direct impact on his governance.
The at the beginning of Liu Xun's ascendant, he was committed to Huo Guang. In the second year of the presence (six or eight years ago), Huo Guang began his pro -government after his death. He vigorously rectified the governance and strengthened the authority of the emperor. In order to break the situation of Huo's government, he ordered the ministers to play in order to clear the affection and stipulate that the hundred officials below the prime minister must play in order to evaluate. In the four years of the earth festival, the queen Huo Huo, who had used Daima Huo Yu to consider, thus completely cleared Huo's power.
During the reign of Liu Xun, he inspired the painting, appointed Xianneng, and followed by the officials. He can pay attention to reducing the burden on the people and restoring and developing agricultural production. It also attaches great importance to the governance of officials. It is believed that the way of governing the country should be governed by "domineering" and "king" to oppose full -time Confucianism. In terms of foreign relations, Liu Xun had jointly hit the Huns with Wusun in the second year of the past two years (72 years ago), and then took advantage of the Xiongnu's internal split opportunity to establish friendly relations with Hu Hanxie alone, so that the border gradually prevailed. The Western Regions are also set up to formally attribute the Western Regions to the central government of the Western Han Dynasty. In the first year of the In the first 61), the During the year (61 years ago), he defeated Xiqiang, and later served as the general Zhao Chongguo to implement the fields to strengthen the border defense and make the dumplings go.
This during the rule of Liu Xun "officials are named their duties, and they are in the business of people." However, due to the deep accumulation of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xun's measures to promote the exile and stability of the people's livelihood were not enough to fundamentally solve the problem of land mergers. After the entity of his son Yuan, the social contradictions further intensified, and finally made the Western Han Dynasty slumped.
In AD 49 BC, Liu Xun was sick, and he was seriously ill in December. , Shao Fu Zhou Lu can be a doctor of Guanglu, assisting the prince together.
Shortly, Liu Xun died in the Weiyang Palace of Chang'an.
************************************************************************************************************************************************ r n Han Yuan Emperor (Liu Ye)
Yuan Emperor, named Liu Ye (33 BC), Emperor Xuanzi. After the death of Emperor Xuan, he was reigning for 16 years and died of illness, 44 years old. Buried in Weiling (now 12 miles northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
When he was in office, he was established as a prince. After the death of Emperor Xuan Emperor, the second year was "Chu Yuan"
Liu Xun was so Confucianism. Kuang Heng and other Confucian scholars are prime ministers. During his reign, the centralized centralization was weakened, and the social crisis was deepening.
The answer upstairs is very detailed, but the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty has not yet ended. Historically, a Han Dynasty was built by the ancestor Liu Bang of Han Gao. The built, Dingdu Luoyang, also passed on the twelve emperors. continued to add: The Emperor Liu Xun of Hancheng Han Ai Emperor Liu Xin Han Ping Emperor Liu Ye Emperor Liu Xuan Eastern Han: 25-220 AD Han Guang Wu Emperor Liu Xiu Hanming Emperor Liu Zhuang Hanzhang Emperor Liu Ye Hanhe Emperor Liu Zhao r r r r r r Han Emperor Liu Long The Emperor Han'an Liu Ye Hanshun Emperor Liu Bao Han Chong Emperor Liu Bing Han Qin Emperor Liu Ye Han Emperor Liu Zhi Han Ling Emperor Liu Hong Han Xian Emperor Liu Xie
Emperor Hanwen Liu Heng.
Emperor records:
The Western Han Dynasty
(about 202 BC-8 AD, a total of 210)
This period.
The Western Han Dynasty, also known as the former Han. From 202 BC, Liu Bang called the Emperor to the 8th year of Wang Mang. Because the country capital Changan was west of Luoyang in the East Han Dynasty, it was called the Western Han Dynasty.
The Western Han Dynasty was the strong dynasty of the preliminary development period of the feudal society in my country. It inherited and consolidated the unified country that began in the Qin Dynasty, economic prosperity, and strong national strength. It was a great power in the world at that time, the first golden age of China.
The Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, 9 emperors of the disease; 1 emperor who was poisoned; 1 emperor killed by the army after the death of the country; Unknown 1 emperor. Most of the Emperor Western Han Dynasty made a difference, and forging ahead, it created China's first strong period.
************************************************************************ n Han Gaozu (Liu Bang)
Han Gaozu, named Liu Bang, the word season (256 BC -195 BC), the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. For the 4th year of the Han King, in the 8th year of the emperor, he was injured in the chest in the rebellion of the Yingbu rebellion. Buried in Changling (now 35 miles in East, Xianyang City, Lingling West Province)
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Liu Bang, Pei County (now Pei County, Jiangsu) in Surabaya County, came from a farmhouse. It is open -minded and generous, with great ambitions. At the beginning, it was the head of the Surabaya Pavilion of the Qin Dynasty (the official who managed ten miles). On one occasion, he was ordered to escort a group of people in Laoshan to serve, and the people fled a lot on the way. Seeing that he couldn't make a mess, he simply let go of the people. He and a dozen people who volunteered to follow him fled into Mangyu Mountain, gathered more than a hundred people, and secretly contacted the document Xiao He and the prison officer Cao Yin in Pei County.
The first year of Qin II (209 BC) Chen Sheng and Wu Guang after the uprising in Daze Township, Liu Bang aggregated hundreds of people such as Xiao He, Cao Shen, Fan Ye, to kill the county officials and responded to the army. Turning to Feng and Pei. After Chen Sheng's death. At one time, the belonging beam. After the death of Xiang Liang, Liu Bang and Xiang Liang's nephew Xiang Yu were serving as the leader, and continued to insist on fighting against Qin. Become the main force of the anti -Qin.
Qin II's three -year autumn (207 BC), Liu Bang was advanced by the Ministry of Chu Huai's dispatch rate. He forced to surrender Wancheng, captured Wuguan, and led the army to enter Xianyang. Liu Bang envied the luxury of the Afang Palace. After entering the city, he wanted to stay in the palace. Liu Bang abolished the law of the Qin and the law of the old law of Guanzhong: "The killing of the killer; the injured person's law;
Shortly, after Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun's main force, he also entered Xianyang. Stain in Hongmen (now east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). Xiang Yu obeyed the suggestion of Fan Zeng, and decided to kill Liu Bang's opponent. But his uncle Xiang Bo told his old friend Zhang Liang. After discussing Zhang Liang and Liu Bang, he thought that he was not Xiang Yu's opponent now. He only went to Xiang Yu to pay for it and fight for him to change his mind.
The next day, Liu Bang took Zhang Liang, Fan Ye and more than a hundred followers to invite sin to Hongmen. Xiang Yu set up a banquet to entertain. During the banquet, Liu Bang whispered to Xiang Yu with a low voice, indicating that he had no ambition to compete with him. After listening, Xiang Yu suddenly changed the idea of killing Liu Bang. Fan Zeng repeatedly made him look at him and motioned him to do it. He pretended not to see it. Fan Zeng was anxious and sent Xiangzhuang to enter the seat. He wanted to assassinate Liu Bang in the name of dancing swords. Xiang Bo saw Xiangzhuang slowly danced near Liu Bang. He got up and danced to protect Liu Bang. Zhang Liang made a notice from Fan Ye to rush into the account to protect Liu Bang. Liu Bang went to the toilet borrowed from the toilet, leaving Fan Yan away from Xiang Yu camp, and returned to the army from the small road. Zhang Liang treated Liu Bang to go away, and sent a gift to Xiang Yu and said that Liu Bang was drunk and went back first. Fan Zeng sighed again and again, but helpless. In this way, the relationship between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang temporarily eased.
The December of the same year, Xiang Yu violated the agreement of King Chu Huai's "first entry into the fixed customs" and sealed Liu Bang as the Han king, all south of the south, possessing the place of Bashu and Hanzhong; Xiang Yu claimed to be "Xichu "Overlord", Du Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Only one month after Xiang Yu was seized, the princes began to fire. Liu Bang took the opportunity to settle Sanqin, and once again occupied the customs, and Xiang Yu launched a battle for Chu and Han for four years.
The Liu Bang himself is neither general nor Gaoming's strategy, but he is good at employing, especially knows how to play the strengths of his subordinates, and "good conspiracy to listen". Certain the people's affection and care about the suffering of the people, and thus obtained the support of the people. Under the planning of Zhang Liang and Xiao He and Xiao He, under the conquest of Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and other generals, they finally changed from weak to strong and defeated in 2002 BC. Xiang Yu and forced Xiang Yu to heavily in Wujiang. In February, Liu Bang was the emperor in Lishui (now the territory of Liyang County, Henan Province).
During the reign of Liu Bang, he successively eliminated Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and other different surnamed princes, and established many Wangs of the same surname, consolidating the centralized rule of the central government. : Call for those who escape to Yamazawa to return to my hometown, and return to the hometown to restore the title of Jue and Tianzhai; to liberate the selling as slaves during the war; it also allows soldiers to recover and engage in production. In addition, the migrations of various places are migrated to enrich the capital. The "Qin Law" is also amended to formulate the nine chapters of "Han Law"; The above measures play a role in stabilizing people's livelihood and promoting economic development.
Puk of the Qin Dynasty, the Huns of Mobei took the opportunity to go south and re -occupy Henan (now Henghe area in Inner Mongolia). At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Huns continued to invade the border county of Han south. In 2001, Han Wangxin surrendered the Huns. The following year, Liu Bang personally led the army to the conquest, and was besieged the 300,000 troops of the Huns for seven days and nights in Bai Deng (now Northeast Shanxi Datong). Later, Chen Ping was planning to take a bribe, and he was out of danger. Since then, in view of the not restoration of the national strength, Liu Bang had to adopt a policies to the Huns to ease the relationship between the two sides.
In 196 BC, Liu Bang was injured in his chest in the battle of the Bingbu rebellion. In March of the following year, trauma recurrence was critical. He called Hou Hou, the ministers entered the palace, and ordered to kill the white horse left and right, and asked the ministers to take blood as the alliance. From now on, all the surnames Liu cannot be sealed. You can conquer him together. He also ordered Chen Ping to immediately rush back from Yan Di to help the infant station to prevent the babies in case the vassal states from taking the opportunity to chaos. Then he called Lu Hou and instructed the future. Lu Hou asked him: "After Xiao Xiangguo, who can take over him" Liu Bang answered Cao Shen. Lu Hou asked Cao Shen. Liu Bang replied: Wang Ling, and Chen Ping assisted him. Chen Pingzhi has a lot of conspiracy, but he can't stand alone. Zhou Bo is simple and young culture. However, in the future, the Liu family in the Liu family must be allowed to let him be a lieutenant. Lu Hou asked the future again, and Liu Bang shook his head and said that the aftermath was probably not what you knew. In April of the same year (195 BC), Liu Bang died in Changan Changle Palace. After the death, the temple name was Taizu, and he was called Emperor Gao, and he was used to call him Han Gaozu in history.
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The Emperor Han Hui (Liu Ying)
The Emperor Han Hui, named Liu Ying (2111 BC -188 BC), the eldest son of Gao Zu. After Gao Zu's death, he succeeded in his reign, 7 years, and died of illness, 24 years old. Buried in Anling (now 30 miles east of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
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Liu Ying, Gao Zu, Gao Zu, Gao Zu When he was in office, he was established as a prince. He was weak. Liu Bang wanted to abolish him and renamed Mrs. Liu Ruyi as the prince. He stopped by the opposition from Zhang Liang and other ministers. At the age of 17 years, he was only 17 years old.
Pe Liu Ying's succession, the mother of the mother, the mother, took power. Queen Mother Lu recalled Liu Ruyi and made a motion to hurt him. After Liu Ying knew her mother's intentions, she personally received Liu Ruyi from the palace, eating and sleeping together, and guarding all the way. One day, he went out to practice archery, and saw Liu Ruyi still asleep, and did not wake him up. When he returned to the palace, Liu Ruyi had been poisoned on the bed.
Shortly, Queen Mother Lu cut off Mrs. Qi from her hands and feet, dug out her eyes, dumb her throat, threw it into the pigpen, and let her suffer to death. Queen Mother Lu asked Liu Ying to go to see it. Liu Ying saw his father's former loving concubine fell into such a tragic ending, scared and sad, and cried loudly, and had a serious illness. He sent someone to his mother, "This The kind of thing is not human. I am your son, but I have not governed the world. "Since then, I don't ask politics.
In August 188 BC, Liu Ying died in the Weiyang Palace of Chang'an. After the death, the nickname was Emperor Huidi.
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The Emperor Hanwen (Liu Heng)
Wen Emperor, named Liu Heng (202 BC -157 BC). The third son of Gao Zu, Emperor Hui died, Lu Houli was an unclean emperor. Lu Hou died, Zhou Bo and others killed Lu for the birth, and welcomed Liu Heng as the emperor. 23 years, died of illness, 46 years old. Buried in Ba Ling (now 35 miles in East, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
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Liu Heng, mother For Bo Ji. After Gao Zu broke through Chen Xi and was settled on his behalf, he was named the king of generations. After Emperor Hui's death, Lu Houli was an unclean Emperor. In 180 BC, Lu Hou died. Lu Laogu and Lu Lu took control of military power, controlled the palace, and tried to launch a coup and seized the throne. Chen Ping and Zhou Bo designed, so that Lu for the military power of the Northern Army to Zhou Bo. Zhou Bo's seal summoned the Northern Army general: "Today Lu's attempts to seize the position, who would help the Lu family's right arm and willing to help the Liu family's left arm;" the soldiers were at the heart of the Liu family, and they exposed their left arm. Zhou Bo then transferred the Beibei Army into the Weiyang Palace, killing Lu Ling and others, and prevented the victory of seizing. Afterwards, the prime ministers Chen Ping, Tae -Wei Zhou Bo, and Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang and other clan ministers were not orthodox by the emperor.
The Western Han Dynasty was established. After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, on the basis of this, he further adopted measures to rest and rest with the people, thus creating the "governance of Wenjing" in history.
The Emperor Hanwen attaches great importance to agricultural production. After he ascended the throne, he repeatedly persuaded the farm and mulberry, and set up three old, filial piety, and Litian according to the account ratio. Production. At the same time, pay attention to reducing the burden on the people. In the second year of Emperor Wen (178 years ago) and twelve years, he had twice "half of the rental tax", that is, the rent rate was reduced to thirty taxes. Essence Since then, thirty taxes have become customized in the Han Dynasty. At the time of the Emperor Wen, the county also reduced from 120 yuan per year to forty dollars per person per year, and the service was reduced to service every three years. Emperor Wen also saved. On one occasion, he was ready to build a terrace. For the calculation, it took a hundred pounds of gold, which was equivalent to the household property of the middle and ten households. In addition, Emperor Wen also "banned the forbidden of Shanze", that is, the opening of all mountains and forests, which originally returned to the country, and promoted the development of the sideline production of farmers and the development of salt and iron production with a significant relationship with the national economy and people's livelihood. Emperor Wen also abolished the system of passing through customs in the twelve years, which is conducive to economic connection between commodity circulation and regions. It also has a certain role in promoting the development of agricultural production.
The Emperor Hanwen also made major reforms on the criminal law since the Qin Dynasty. ① Most of the sinner in the Qin Dynasty was sentenced to Li Chen and the heavier sinner than Li Chen. The Emperor Wen ordered the law to re -formulate the law and stipulate the period of order in accordance with the weight of the crime. ② The laws of the Qin Dynasty stipulated that the parents, brothers, sisters, wives, and children of the sinner must sit and execute them again. Emperor Wen Ming was abolished. ③ Qin Dynasty had four kinds of meat punishment: 劓, 代, 刖, and palace. Emperor Hanwen abolished the 劓, 劓, 刖, and replaced him. These reforms are of great significance, but the latter two were not implemented seriously at the time and later. Many officials were interrupted by the Emperor Wen, and they were lighter, holding government affairs with generosity, and demanding. Therefore, the prison officers were simple and compressed by the people.
The Emperor Wen did not easily move his soldiers for the surrounding ethnic minorities, and tried his best to maintain the relationship between Xiang'an. At the time of Lu Hou, Zhao Yan, the king of South Vietnam, established himself as the emperor. After the throne of Emperor Wen, he repaired the ancestral tomb for Zhao Yue, respected Zhao's brother, and sent Lu Jia to the Nanyue again, and gave the book Zhao Yan. In 162 BC, Emperor Wen and the Xiongnu had a contract with his relatives. Although the Huns had repeatedly committed the border, Emperor Wen only ordered the county to be strictly guarded and did not attack the soldiers to avoid disturbing the people.
The reason why "the rule of Wenjing" has become the prosperous age of feudal society, which is inseparable from Liu Heng's personal inspiration. Shortly after he was in the throne, he abolished the crime of slander the demon, and the ministers could boldly put forward different opinions. Since the Qin Dynasty, there were so -called "secret wishes" officials, and all the disasters were changed to the ministers. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Wen, the emperor was responsible for the mistakes and sins of the hundred officials. The following year, he forbid the ancestral officer to bless him. Emperor Wen was also very frugal. He was reigned for twenty -three years. He has repeatedly banned the county to contribute to the heterogeneity. His loved Mrs. Shen did not put it on the ground, and the curtain did not apply Wenxiu. Emperor Wen wanted to build a terrace. He heard that it would cost a hundred dollars, which was equal to the production of ten Chinese people, so he stopped. Because Emperor Wen advocated frugality, the national fiscal expenditure at that time was restrained and reduced, and the noble bureaucrats did not dare to invigorate things, and extravagant, thereby reducing the burden of the people. This was one of the important contents of the policy of "recuperating". Emperor Wen adopted the results of the above -mentioned series of measures, so that the socio -economic development at that time, and the order of feudal rule was consolidated. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were only 10,000 or six hundred households in Dahou. The flowers also returned to the garden, and the hukou residence was rapid. Liehou Fengguo has reached 30,000 to 40,000 households. The development of agriculture has greatly reduced food prices. In the early years of Emperor Wen, more than ten dollars per stone to a few dollars. According to the "Hanshu · Food and Goods", during the seventy years from the early Han Dynasty to Emperor Wu, due to the stability of domestic politics, as long as the disasters of water and drought were not encountered, the people were always given to the family, and the county's warehouse was full of food. Due to Chen Chenxiang's food, the food in Okura was rotten and could not be eaten. The government's granary had more wealth, the money of the Beijing Division had millions of money, and the ropes of the series of money were decayed. This is a description of Wen Jingzhi's governance.
, the "rest" policy of Emperor Wen is the policy of the landlord class. The purpose is to stabilize and strengthen the control of farmers to further consolidate feudal rule. Some measures that seem to be beneficial to farmers are actually more beneficial to landlords and businessmen. For example, Emperor Wen reduced the exemption of Tianfu, the landlord's profit was the greatest, and the worship of the water also helped the businessman's political status. Therefore, on the other side of the stability and prosperity of the "governance of Wenjing", the increasing development of land mergers. At the same time, in order to obtain political stability, Emperor Wen had a restriction on the power of the princes of the same surname, but basically adopted a palliative policy. In the three years of Emperor Jing (154 years ago), Wu Chu's Seven Kingdoms conspired to rebel and should say that it has a certain relationship with this.
In AD 157) In June, Liu Heng was seriously ill. At the time of dying, he called Prince Liu Qijin's bedroom and said, "Zhou Yafu's son Zhou Yafu can be dependent at the critical moment. Let him command the army. "
The Liu Heng died in Changan Weiyang Palace and was buried in Baling at the age of 46. The temple number after the death was Taizong, and the nickname was Emperor Wen. At the end of the dying of the Emperor Wen, the widow announced: "The theory of the dead of the dead", do not have to be sorrowful, not allowed to be "thick burial", not allowed to use cars and horses and display weapons to shorten the funeral period; during the funeral period, the people must not be prohibited from getting married, sacrifice, drinking and eating meat. (The achievements of Emperor Hanwen not only received praise from the landlord class and historians, but also respected the "thief". In the late Western Han Dynasty, the Chimei Army captured Chang'an. The Emperor's Mausoleum was destroyed. )
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The Emperor Han Jing (Liu Qi)
Jingdi, named Liu Qi (188 BC -141 BC), the third son of Emperor Wen. Emperor Wen succeeded after his death. In the past 16 years, he died of illness and was 48 years old. He was buried in Yangling (now 30 miles southwest of Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province).
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When he was in office, he was stood as the prince. Emperor Wen succeeded in the throne after the illness died in June 157 BC.
Pei Liu Qi was in place, the prince king's forces swelled and threatened the central regime. Implement the "cutting fan" strategy to weaken the power of the princes and consolidate the central power of the central government. In 154 BC, the seven vassal states such as Wu and Chu launched a rebellion under the name of "wrong and Qingjun side". Jingdi listened to the letter, cut off the wrong mistakes, and fantasized to exchange for the retirement of the seven kingdoms; Liu Qi was determined to rebel, appointed Zhou Yafu as the lieutenant, led his soldiers to face the chaos of the seven nations in one fell swoop. After the rebellion calmed down, Liu Qi received the power of the princes Wang as the official. Since then, the Western Han Dynasty unified central government feudal centralized rule has been greatly strengthened.
During the reign of Liu Qi, he continued to adopt the policy of the Emperor's period to implement the reduction of taxes and service, and resting with the people. "The people have no inside and outside, and they should shoulders the acres of the field, and the world is rich." It further promoted the stability and development of socio -economic and economic. Domestic Yinfu, full of galaxy. It is said that in the later period of his rule, the money in the state treasury piled up the mountains, and the ropes of money were rotten; Therefore, with the Emperor Wen, he was hailed as "the rule of Wen Jing" by the historian.
but Liu Qi's shortcomings are also very significant. Another example is Zhou Yafu, because he was opposed to Emperor Jing's prince, he was forced to commit suicide in prison by Emperor Jing's opportunity to seek rebellion.
The first month of the first 141 BC, Liu Qi got the disease, and the disease was getting heavier. The ministers gave two pounds of gold, and the officials and the people gave each household a hundred money; the palace girl went home and did not accept it for life. Soon Liu Qizhi died in the Weiyang Palace of Chang'an.
Liu Qi's death was Jingdi.
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Hanwu Emperor (Liu Che)
The Emperor Hanwu Liu Che (156 BC-87 BC), the third son of Emperor Jing. Emperor Jing succeeded after his death. 54 years of reign, died of illness during the inspection, at the age of 71. Buried in Maoling (now 17 miles northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province).
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Liu Che, 4 years old, 4 years old, 4 years old He was named King Jiaodong, and was established as a prince at the age of 7. Emperor Jing succeeded after the death of the first month in 141 BC. In the second year, the first year was Jianyuan. Since then, Chinese history has officially used the year number.
During the reign of Liu Che, he took a series of measures to strengthen centralization. Politically, the policy of continuing Emperor Jingdi has been awarded the order order, the left official law, and the benefit of the law, and the "golden gold sends the title", which basically ended the strong and difficult situation of the princes since the early Han Dynasty; a series of strikes of local strikes were implemented. Haoqiang measures; establish a system of thorny history to strengthen the supervision and control of localities; weaken the power of the prime minister, serve as cool officials and severe criminal law, establish a system of inspection, establish Taixue, and strengthen the centralized governance forces.
Economically, Liu Che's claims to adopt holes and Dong Guo Xianyang to collect iron smelting, salt, and casting money to official business; Jia; governing the Yellow River, excavation of irrigation canal, and vigorously build water conservancy; immigrate to the northwest Tuntian, promote the "Dai Tian Law", and promote the development of agricultural production.
The ideas, adopting the suggestions of Confucianism Dong Zhongshu, prohibiting the spread of the doctrine other than Confucianism, implementing "a hundred schools, respected Confucianism", and using Confucianism as the main ideological tools for consolidating regimes. The dominance of Confucianism, which played a certain positive role in strengthening the political needs of centralization at that time, but also had a negative impact on the development of Chinese academic thought later.
The military in military, Liu Che sent general Wei Qing and Huo Qubing's disease to launch a war that hit the Huns many times in a row, lifting the threat of the Xiongnu suffered by the northern agricultural area; The land is the nine counties such as the South China Sea and Cangwu. The connection between the Han and the ethnic minorities was strengthened.
The diplomacy, Liu Che sent Zhang Jian to the Western Regions twice, and contacted Da Yue's, Wusun, and Anxi, and developed economic and cultural exchanges with the Western Regions; opened up from Chang'an to Europe. The Roman Empire's "Silk Road". It also sent to Yelang, 笮, 笮 and other places to strengthen control and development of the Southwest.
The Emperor Hanwu pays great attention to the selection of talents, or or order the counties to recommend the talents of the court every year to the court, and the court can only be hired by the court. Therefore, Emperor Wudi emerged a large number of talents, such as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, who repeatedly defeated the Xiongnu, Zhang Jian, a diplomat in the Western West, Dong Zhongshu, a scriptureist Dong Zhongshu, a historian Sima Qian, and the writer Sima Xiangru. History is called "the winner of the Han Dynasty, Yu Ze is prosperous."
The series of measures Liu Che developed the Western Han Empire to its heyday.
, but in the later period of his rule, Liu Che held a seal of Zen, worshiping the gods for immortals, and splurge, and almost exhausted the savings in the governance of Wenjing. In order to increase income, he reused the cool officials, increased taxes and donations, and even sold the official jue. The people's burden was aggravated. In addition, the frequent disasters caused a large number of farmers to go bankrupt and exile, and farmers' uprising in various places continued to occur. Emperor Hanwu sent officials to suppress it and also made the "Sinking Law", stipulating that officials of large and small officials could not discover and suppress the uprising in time, and sin to die. But peasant uprising is still continuous. Facing the social crisis, in 90 BC, Liu Che had a crime under the wheel, expressed his repentance on his mistakes, determined to stop using soldiers, promoted improved agricultural tools and technologies, and personally stated that he would pay attention to production and people's lives in the future. Essence In this way, the country gradually settled.
In February of the second year (87 BC), Liu Che went out to cruise and arrived at Fufeng (now Xingping County, Shaanxi Province). Ordered Liling to be the prince, Ren Huo Guang (Huo Que's mother -in -law) was a big Sima, a general, Jin Richan was the general of the car, and Shangguan was the left general. Sheep assist the prince together. When the five ministers were ordered to rush into the bedroom and kneeled in front of the bed and expressed their legacy, Liu Che could no longer speak and had to nod slightly to answer.
Shortly, Liu Che died of illness during the inspection.
**********************************************************************************************************************, Emperor Zhao (Liu Fuling)
Zhao Emperor, named Liu Fuling (95 BC-74 BC), Emperor Wu, Wu Emperor's death after his death. In 13 years, he died of illness and was 22 years old. Buried in Pingling (now 13 miles northwest of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------rnrn 刘弗陵， Emperor Wu was established as a prince when he died. Prior to this, Emperor Wanda gave Liu Fuling's biological mother Zhao Gouyi to death in order to prevent his mother and mother strong after his death. After Emperor Wu died, Huo Guang and others succeeded Liu Fuling in the same month.
This at the age of eight years old at the time of Liu Fuling, in accordance with Emperor Wu's widow. Because of Huo Guang's power, he complained with many ministers. General Zuo Shangguan, Sang Hongyang, and Huo Guang were discording, and managed to frame Huo Guang many times. In 81 BC, Huo Guang reviewed Yu Linjun near Chang'an and transferred a school captain to his house. The messenger, sent Fuling, said that Huo Guang had a rebellion. The next day, Huo Guang entered the palace to see Liu Fuling. When he learned of the news, he was frightened. Liu Fuling said: "You review Yu Linjun, calling the captain is the most recent thing. Changan is so far from the north. How can Yan Wang know so quickly? Fast, let ’s talk about it, you really have to rebel, you do n’t have to rely on calling a school captain. Therefore, it proves that this letter is fake. Some people want to frame your general. You do n’t have to be afraid, please get up." Huo Guang and the Minister listen to it. I have all admired Liu Fuling's young and wise.
Shortly, Shangguanyu also fought with the doctor of the Royal Shi Shi Hongyang, Princess Eyi, and others, colluding with King Liu Ri murder Huo Guang, abolished Liu Fuling. Later, Liu Fuling immediately ordered Tian Qianqiu to send troops to kill Sang Hongyang and Shangguan Jie, forcing Liu Dan to commit suicide and avoid a coup. At this time, Liu Fuling was only fourteen years old and was able to successfully deal with the matter. Later generations commented: "The fourteenth year of Emperor Han Zhao, who can inspect Huo Guang's loyalty, know the scams of King Yan's book, Xun Sang Hongyang and Shangguan. Gao Zu, Wen, and Jing are not as good as." n Aimiced at Emperor Wudi in the end of the year due to foreign war, sealing meditation, etc., the national strength was seriously lost. The farmers had a heavy burden and a large number of bankruptcy, which caused domestic contradictions to intensify. With the assistance of Huo Guang et al., Liu Fuling has repeatedly ordered to reduce the burden on the people.
The on the other hand, changing the policy of the Huns' long -term combat in Wudi, on the one hand, strengthening the northern defense, defeating the Xiongnu, Wuyi, etc. on the other hand, on the other hand, to re -improve the Huns to improve the two sides to improve the two sides Relationship. As a result, the large -scale wars of the Emperor Emperor's period stopped and helped the domestic economic recovery and development.
The economic aspect, due to the implementation of the salt and iron monopoly, the world's discussion was caused, and the "Salt and Iron Conference" was held in 81 BC to discuss various policies in Wudi. The situation of this policy discussed was stored in the book "Salt and Iron Theory" edited by Kuan Kuan. After controversy, the monopoly of the wine was canceled, and the salt and iron monopoly was retained.
The emperor Zhao, because of the proper measures of internal and external measures. The contradictions left in the later period of Emperor Wu were basically controlled, and the decline of the Western Han Dynasty was reversed. History is called "the people are fulfilling, Siyi Bin service."
The first year of the first year of Yuanping (AD 74). The nickname after death was Emperor Zhao.
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King of Changyi, named Liu He, unknown birth and death, Wu Emperor Sun, Emperor Zhao nephew. Because Emperor Zhao had no son after his death, he succeeded. On the 27th, he was abandoned by the auxiliary minister Huo Guang because of his indifferent drama.
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In the year, he attacked his father as King Changyi. Emperor Zhao had no children after dying in April 74 BC, and the ministers such as Huo Guang welcomed his succession in June of the same year.
Liu He is a sister -in -law, who is not learning. After bringing more than 200 people into Beijing, he drank and enjoyed the people every day. He was indifferent. Within 27 days, he did 1,127 ridiculous things and made the palace irritating.
Huo Guang saw him overwhelmed. After discussing with the ministers, he invited the queen to the queen, abandoned him in the same month, and sent him back to Fengdi Changyi himself, cut off the king, changed the seal to the seal He is Shanyang County and gives him 2,000 households. rnrn 刘贺史称昌邑王rnrn*************************** ******
Han Xuan Emperor (Liu Xun)
Xuan Emperor, name Liu Xun (91 BC-49 BC), the great-grandson of Emperor Liu Che, Prince Edward (Liu according to Liu) Sun. King Changyi was abolished. In the reign 25 years, he died of illness and was 42 years old. Buried in Duling (now 15 miles southeast of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).
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Liu Xun, real name Sickness, the word Qi Qing. Prince Yan (Liu Li) Sun, Emperor Shi Liu Jinzi. In months of birth, it is the incident of the witch. According to Jiang Chong, Liu was framed and suspected of Emperor Emperor of his father. His mother -in -law (Emperor Hanwu, Emperor Hanwu, Wei Qing's sister) also hung suicide above, and the plants were full of the door, and the survivors were also cut into the people. Liu Xun lived in the folk because of his grandmother's adoption. After the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), after the king of Changyi was abolished, Huo Guang and other ministers welcomed him from the folk to the palace, first named Yangwuhou, and succeeded in July of the same year. At the age of 18, Essence The second year was changed to "original".
I due to the encounters of Liu Xun's childhood, and lived in the people for a long time, so he knew the suffering of the people and the governance of the people, which had a direct impact on his governance.
The at the beginning of Liu Xun's ascendant, he was committed to Huo Guang. In the second year of the presence (six or eight years ago), Huo Guang began his pro -government after his death. He vigorously rectified the governance and strengthened the authority of the emperor. In order to break the situation of Huo's government, he ordered the ministers to play in order to clear the affection and stipulate that the hundred officials below the prime minister must play in order to evaluate. In the four years of the earth festival, the queen Huo Huo, who had used Daima Huo Yu to consider, thus completely cleared Huo's power.
During the reign of Liu Xun, he inspired the painting, appointed Xianneng, and followed by the officials. He can pay attention to reducing the burden on the people and restoring and developing agricultural production. It also attaches great importance to the governance of officials. It is believed that the way of governing the country should be governed by "domineering" and "king" to oppose full -time Confucianism. In terms of foreign relations, Liu Xun had jointly hit the Huns with Wusun in the second year of the past two years (72 years ago), and then took advantage of the Xiongnu's internal split opportunity to establish friendly relations with Hu Hanxie alone, so that the border gradually prevailed. The Western Regions are also set up to formally attribute the Western Regions to the central government of the Western Han Dynasty. In the first year of the In the first 61), the During the year (61 years ago), he defeated Xiqiang, and later served as the general Zhao Chongguo to implement the fields to strengthen the border defense and make the dumplings go.
This during the rule of Liu Xun "officials are named their duties, and they are in the business of people." However, due to the deep accumulation of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xun's measures to promote the exile and stability of the people's livelihood were not enough to fundamentally solve the problem of land mergers. After the entity of his son Yuan, the social contradictions further intensified, and finally made the Western Han Dynasty slumped.
In AD 49 BC, Liu Xun was sick, and he was seriously ill in December. , Shao Fu Zhou Lu can be a doctor of Guanglu, assisting the prince together.
Shortly, Liu Xun died in the Weiyang Palace of Chang'an.
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Han Yuan Emperor (Liu Ye)
Yuan Emperor, named Liu Ye (33 BC), Emperor Xuanzi. After the death of Emperor Xuan, he was reigning for 16 years and died of illness, 44 years old. Buried in Weiling (now 12 miles northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
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When he was in office, he was established as a prince. After the death of Emperor Xuan Emperor, the second year was "Chu Yuan"
Liu Xun was so Confucianism. Kuang Heng and other Confucian scholars are prime ministers. During his reign, the centralized centralization was weakened, and the social crisis was deepening.
The answer upstairs is very detailed, but the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty has not yet ended. Historically, a Han Dynasty was built by the ancestor Liu Bang of Han Gao. The built, Dingdu Luoyang, also passed on the twelve emperors.
continued to add:
The Emperor Liu Xun of Hancheng
Han Ai Emperor Liu Xin
Han Ping Emperor Liu Ye
Emperor Liu Xuan
Eastern Han: 25-220 AD
Han Guang Wu Emperor Liu Xiu
Hanming Emperor Liu Zhuang
Hanzhang Emperor Liu Ye
Hanhe Emperor Liu Zhao r r r r r r
Han Emperor Liu Long
The Emperor Han'an Liu Ye
Hanshun Emperor Liu Bao
Han Chong Emperor Liu Bing
Han Qin Emperor Liu Ye
Han Emperor Liu Zhi
Han Ling Emperor Liu Hong
Han Xian Emperor Liu Xie